Meaning of High total bilirubin levels in children, bilirubin Total test results decoded

Explaining how can High Total Bilirubin Levels in Children affect kids and their mommies, remember that Liver function Test LFT contain Bilirubin types

If your child has high bilirubin levels and you have concerns about future pregnancy, it's important to discuss this with me.  We can provide specific information based on the underlying cause and its potential impact on future fertility.

1. What is bilirubin and why is it measured in children?

Bilirubin is a yellow pigment produced by the breakdown of red blood cells in the liver. A bilirubin test measures the amount of bilirubin in your child's blood.  This test helps identify liver problems, increased red blood cell breakdown, or bile duct blockages.

2. What are normal bilirubin levels in children?

Normal bilirubin levels can vary slightly depending on the lab and your child's age. Generally, for children over 15 days old, normal total bilirubin is less than 1.0 mg/dL.  However, always consult your pediatrician for the specific interpretation of your child's results.

3. My child's bilirubin is high. What does that mean?

A mildly elevated bilirubin level may not be a cause for concern, especially in newborns. However, significantly high levels can indicate underlying conditions.  Your pediatrician will consider the bilirubin result, your child's symptoms, and other factors to determine the cause.

4. What are the symptoms of high bilirubin in children?

A common symptom of high bilirubin is jaundice, a yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes.  Dark urine, pale stools, fatigue, and poor feeding may also occur depending on the cause.

5.  If my newborn has high bilirubin, is that serious?

Most newborns have slightly high bilirubin levels (physiologic jaundice) in the first few days of life. This usually resolves on its own within a week and is not serious. However, very high bilirubin levels can be dangerous for newborns and require treatment to prevent brain damage (kernicterus).

6. What causes high bilirubin levels in newborns?

Immature livers in newborns can sometimes struggle to process bilirubin efficiently.  Incompatibility between mother and baby's blood types or certain breastfeeding problems can also contribute.

7. What causes high bilirubin levels in older children?

Several conditions can cause high bilirubin in older children, including:

1. Gilbert's syndrome (a mild, inherited liver condition)
2. Hemolytic anemia (increased red blood cell breakdown)
3. Hepatitis (liver inflammation)
4. Biliary atresia (a blocked bile duct)

8. How is high bilirubin treated in children?

Treatment depends on the underlying cause and the severity of the bilirubin elevation.  For newborns, phototherapy (light treatment) is often used to help reduce bilirubin levels.  In some cases, medications or even procedures may be needed.

9.  If my child has high bilirubin, what tests might be done?

Besides a bilirubin test, your pediatrician may recommend other blood tests, imaging studies (ultrasound), or liver function tests to diagnose the cause.

10.  Will my child need to see a liver specialist?

Not necessarily.  Your pediatrician can often manage mild to moderate cases of high bilirubin.  However, if the cause is complex or requires specialized treatment, a referral to a pediatric gastroenterologist or hepatologist (liver specialist) may be necessary.

11.  Can certain medications affect bilirubin levels?

Yes, some medications can interfere with bilirubin processing in the liver.  Tell your pediatrician about all medications your child takes before any blood tests.

12.  Does diet play a role in managing high bilirubin?

In some cases, dietary changes may be recommended depending on the cause of the high bilirubin.  Your pediatrician will provide specific guidance.

13.  Is high bilirubin contagious?

No, high bilirubin itself is not contagious.  However, some underlying causes, like viral hepatitis, can be contagious.

14.  Can high bilirubin levels cause long-term problems?

In most cases, if treated promptly, high bilirubin does not cause lasting health problems.  However, very high bilirubin levels in newborns can lead to kernicterus, which can cause permanent brain damage.

15.  What should I watch for at home if my child has high bilirubin?

Follow your pediatrician's instructions carefully.  Monitor your child for signs of worsening jaundice, dark urine, pale stools, or changes in feeding or behavior.  Call your doctor if you have any concerns.

16.  How often will my child need bilirubin tests if their levels are high?

The frequency of bilirubin testing depends on the severity of the elevation and the underlying cause.  Your pediatrician will determine the appropriate monitoring schedule.

17.  Can high bilirubin levels affect future pregnancy?

Generally, high bilirubin in a child does not directly affect their future fertility.  However, certain conditions that cause high bilirubin can impact pregnancy in some cases.

Gilbert's syndrome: This common, inherited condition usually doesn't cause complications during pregnancy.

Hemolytic anemia:  The type and severity of hemolytic anemia determine the impact on pregnancy.  Some types may require closer monitoring or management during pregnancy to avoid complications for both mother and baby.

Chronic liver disease: Women with chronic liver disease should discuss pregnancy with their doctor beforehand.  Depending on the severity, 

Biliary atresia: This is a rare condition.  If a woman has biliary atresia that required corrective surgery as a child, it's important to discuss potential risks and preconception counseling with a healthcare provider specializing in both biliary atresia and pregnancy.